Euthanasia — ending the life of a terminally and unbearably suffering patient through medical means — is among the most debated issues in modern medical ethics. In Islamic law it is examined through core concepts such as the preservation of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), the prohibition of suicide, necessity (ḍarūra) and the legal effect of consent.
Classical fiqh regards human life as inviolable; consequently, active euthanasia (directly ending a patient's life) is, according to the prevailing view, treated as intentional killing. Passive euthanasia, refusal of treatment and limitation of life support require a more nuanced discussion.
Assoc. Prof. Tuba Erkoç Baydar examines this field in detail in her book "Whose Life Is This? A Muslim Perspective on Euthanasia, the Right to Die and Refusal of Treatment" — developed from her doctoral dissertation — and in several articles, comparing modern Western philosophy with Islamic values.